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REVISTA MEDICALA ROMANA - Romanian Medical Journal, Vol. LXI, Nr. 3, An 2014
ISSN 1220-5478  |  e-ISSN 2069-606X
ISSN-L 1220-5478
DOI: 10.37897/RMJ

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS IN ACUTE DRUG INTOXICATIONS: SIX YEARS EXPERIENCE OF A TERTIARY POISON CENTER FROM ROMANIA

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ABSTRACT
Objective. To analyze the pattern of dysrhythmias and arterial blood pressure changes occurring in acute drug intoxications.

Method. Retrospective study concerning medical records from six years, regarding patients from Toxicology Clinic of Emergency Hospital of Iasi, Romania, admitted for acute drug poisoning. Arterial blood pressure values and patterns of abnormal electrocardiogram occurring in the first 6 hours after admission were analyzed.

Results. 695 cases of acute drug poisonings were analyzed. Hypertension was encountered in 6.6%, and hypotension was observed in 14.1% of the patients. Hypotension occurred in a significant percent in cardiovascular drugs (48.6%) and barbiturates poisonings (25.8%). Tachycardia was documented in 26.5% of the patients, bradycardia being found in 8.3% of the cases. Tachycardia was frequently associated with polimedication (36.8%), benzodiazepines (12.6%) followed by anticonvulsants (8.2%) and barbiturates (7.7%). Bradycardia was documented in 30.4% of the polimedication poisoning cases, 17.9% of barbiturates, 16.1% of cardiovascular drugs and 8.9% of the benzodiazepine poisoning cases. Only 14.8 % of the patients have rhythm and conduction disturbances other than tachycardia or bradycardia. On electrocardiogram, the most frequent finding was ischemia, followed by conduction abnormalities. Supraventricular arrhythmia was rarely encountered, in only 12 cases while ventricular arrhythmia was even rarest (one case of ventricular tachycardia).

Conclusion: Cardiac toxic effects were rare in acute drug poisonings cases admitted in our clinic, manifested especially as moderate clinical forms and drug-induced coma. The study did not reveal any life-threatening or cases of deaths.

Keywords: dysrhythmias, epidemiology, poisonings, drug toxicity

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